Cytokine Profiling in COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia; the Pre-Storm Phase

Background As COVID-19 immunomodulation has been a part of interest for studies, it found that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyper-inflammatory response and increased levels interleukin-6 (IL-6) interleukin-10 (IL-10). This can progress to cytokine storm syndrome eventually development acute respiratory distress (ARDS). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) protein member the interleukin 1 family. Monocyte chemoattractant (MCP1) small belongs CC chemokine Interferon gamma-induced 10 (IP-10) secreted by several cell types in Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ). All these have roles immune storm. Methods Serum IL-1RA, MCP-1 IP-10 were measured cohort 21 patients infected 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on admission tertiary care hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as well an approximately age-sex matched group 4 uninfected controls. The study population was classified into severe, moderate, mild Results be elevated before clinical deterioration. Conclusion These cytokines may play role early detection severity especially pre-storm phase. Medications target prevent overt